Key result
In the preprocessing of atrial electrograms during atrial fibrillation, a band-pass filter of 20-100 Hz achieved a 93% accuracy rate for dominant frequency compared to 84% with the classic 40-250 Hz filter.
Why the study?
Does adjusting Botteron's preprocessing approach improve the accuracy of dominant frequency analysis in atrial fibrillation electrograms?
Does adjusting Botteron's preprocessing approach improve the accuracy of dominant frequency analysis in atrial fibrillation electrograms?
In dominant frequency analysis of atrial electrograms, the classic Botteron's approach can be optimized by using a 20-100 Hz pass band and omitting the 20 Hz low-pass filter, while retaining the absolute value rectification step.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May refine AF electrogram preprocessing; hypothesis-generating in canine models, requiring human validation before clinical use.
BACKGROUND: Dominant frequency (DF) analysis of atrial electrograms has become an important method in characterizing atrial fibrillation (AF). As a classic method, Botteron's approach is widely used in the preprocessing of frequency analysis during AF. It includes three steps: (1) band-pass filtering at 40-250 Hz, (2) absolute value, and (3) low-pass filtering at 20 Hz. This paper aims to expound the necessity and adjustability of each step. METHODS AND RESULTS: Unipolar epicardial mapping signals were recorded during AF from eight mongrel dogs with cholinergic AF model. Episodes of these data were randomly selected to evaluate the impact of different pass bands and the necessity of low-pass filtering with 20 Hz cutoff frequency. Each episode of AF signal is 5 s long with a sampling rate of 2 kHz. Simulated electrograms were adopted to discuss the role of taking absolute value. Furthermore, direct spectral analysis method (FFT et al.) is compared with Botteron's preprocessing approach. According to our statistical analysis, the pass band of 40-250 Hz was not the best, while 20-100 Hz presented the high accuracy rate of DF. From the comparing result of direct FFT without Botteron's approach we deduced that the rectification of absolute value was meaningful for the fundamental atrial frequency. The final step, 20 Hz low-pass filter can completely be omitted in DF analysis. In consideration of the demand for real-time distribution of DF in clinical or experimental situations, down-sampling method and the impact of ventricular artifacts on DF was also discussed. CONCLUSION: In the actual application of the three preprocessing steps, the pass band selection of band-pass filter can be adjusted and the rectification of taking absolute value is important. Nevertheless, the final step of 20 Hz low-pass filter is totally unnecessary. In real-time signal processing situations, taking down-sampling method and ignoring the ventricular artifacts can also have high performance in DF analysis of atrial electrograms.
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Li et al. (2016) studied Atrial fibrillation (n=8). Band-pass filtering at 20-100 Hz vs. Band-pass filtering at 40-250 Hz (Botteron's approach) was evaluated on Accuracy rate of dominant frequency compared to manual marking. In the preprocessing of atrial electrograms during atrial fibrillation, a band-pass filter of 20-100 Hz achieved a 93% accuracy rate for dominant frequency compared to 84% with the classic 40-250 Hz filter.
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