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Abstract Recently, the intelligent strategies for adapting to multiple challengeable surfaces of electroactive programmable materials integrated with bio‐inspired architectures offer expanded directions beyond traditional limitations in soft grippers, medical mobile robots, and XR (Extended Reality) interfaces. These electroactive programmable adhesive materials are adaptively designed for a variety of complex surfaces, including soft, wet, non‐flat, or contamination‐susceptible feature such as bio‐surfaces and vulnerable objects. They can be produced via solution‐based methods of replica coating or 3/4‐dimensional printing. The integration of electroactive programmable materials and intelligent adhesive architecture enables super‐adaptive switchable adhesion to a variety of complex surfaces through control of physical deformation and mechanical properties at the adhesive interface, presenting a breakthrough in soft electro‐robotics and extended reality (XR) Haptic interfaces technology. These surface‐adaptive platform can provide multiple functionalities that can efficiently control physical deformations of soft bioinspired architectures or transfer physical energy (heat, vibration, pressure) into the engaged surfaces in a lightweight and human‐friendly form. This review focuses on intelligent strategies, principles, design, and fabrication methods of super‐adaptive electroactive programmable materials intelligently combined with bioinspired switchable adhesives for next‐generation human–robot interaction devices, along with current challenges and prospects. image
Jeon et al. (Sun,) studied this question.