The finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method and its application in computational aero-acoustics

The application of the finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method in computational aero-acoustics is reviewed, mainly on the basis of the work of the author and his colleagues. Some models of thermal and isothermal fluids are described and the constraints for recovering the Euler equations and the Navier–Stokes equations are described. The arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian technique is used for high Mach number flows and for simulations of moving bodies. A model of gas–liquid two-phase fluid is introduced in which the density difference is 800 times and the sound velocity difference is 4 times. Some applications of aero-acoustic problems are briefly described and the simultaneous simulation of underwater sound and sound propagating in air is also presented. The difference between the thermal model and the isothermal model is shown in the aero-acoustic problems.