Glucagon-Like Peptide-1–Mediated Cardioprotection Does Not Reduce Right Ventricular Stunning and Cumulative Ischemic Dysfunction After Coronary Balloon Occlusion

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study Time Line Blood samples taken before baseline (BL1) and at 30-min recovery (BL2). BO1 = first balloon occlusion; BO2 = second balloon occlusion; GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1.

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  Figure 2. Example of Data Acquisition (A) Fluoroscopic image of the conductance catheter located in the right ventricle during low-pressure balloon occlusion of the right coronary artery. (B) Right ventricular (RV) pressure–volume loops recorded at baseline (blue), at the end of the low-pressure balloon occlusion (red), and at 15-min recovery (green).

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  Figure 3. Serial RV Hemodynamic Data BO1 caused significant reduction in the (A) maximum rate of isovolumic contraction (dP/dtmax) and (B) stroke volume (SV) and (C) increases in end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and (D) the time constant of diastolic relaxation (Tau). *p < 0.05 versus BL1. Cumulative ischemic dysfunction measured according to dP/dtmax after a second balloon occlusion was observed. **p < 0.05 versus BO1. There was no significant difference in any right ventricular index between GLP-1 and control saline. Mean ± SEM. Compared by using Student’s t-test. GLP-1, n = 11; control, n = 13. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 4. Serial Biochemical Data Comparison of change in plasma levels of (A) GLP-1 (7 to 36) amide, (B) glucose, (C) insulin, and (D) free fatty acids (FFA). Mean ± SEM. Compared by using Student’s t-test. GLP-1, n = 11; control, n = 13. *p < 0.05 versus, BL1, †p < 0.05 versus control. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 5. Immunohistochemistry Sections Labeling the GLP-1R With and Without mAb 3F52 Antibody (A) Pancreatic tissue, high-power (60×), positive control with monoclonal 3F52 antibody, showing moderate widespread staining for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) with high staining in beta cells. (B) Pancreatic tissue, negative control without mAb 3F52 antibody, high power (60×), confirming no staining. Right ventricular sections from an explanted heart with ischemic heart disease, (C) low power and (D) high power (60×), confirming staining with mAb 3F52 for GLP-1R in right ventricular tissue. Matched left ventricular sections, (E) low power and (F) high power (60×), confirming staining with mAb 3F52 for GLP-1R in the left ventricle. Scale is 100 μm in all images.