Defects of urban underground structure and their prediction

The data for sub-terrestrial transport facilities and tunnel engineering systems, which have been used for a long time in a significant number of cities, can serve as a necessary material for the analysis of the state of lining of urban underground structures. The most important task in the field of design and construction of urban underground structures is to address the issue of durability of their lining, which provides for the reliability of the construction during a given period of operation at a minimum cost of its construction. The quality of construction, the service life of underground facilities and the capital costs required for its construction depend on the type of lining and the technology of its construction. Despite the high requirements for the design and production of works in underground construction, the supporting structures of underground facilities have a number of significant defects that lead to the failure of facilities and expensive repairs in a short time. The opening of the mechanism of formation of defects in the lining allows one to develop measures to prevent their formation, reduce the cost of operation and construction of underground facilities in the city.