Design and Characterization of a High sensitivity 2.45 GHz E-Field Probe for Precise Electromagnetic Measurements

This work presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a novel electric-field (E-field) probe operating at 2.45 GHz, developed specifically for electromagnetic field measurements and calibration applications. The proposed probe incorporates a compact cylindrical dipole architecture, enhanced with a low-loss Teflon dielectric spacer to ensure structural stability and minimal field disturbance. A high-speed Schottky diode rectification circuit is employed to enable efficient detection of weak electric fields while maintaining a reliable response over the operating bandwidth. The resulting probe achieves good impedance matching, with S11 < –16 dB at 2.45 GHz, and offers a usable bandwidth of approximately 100 MHz around the target frequency. Performance evaluation demonstrates high sensitivity (10 mV/m), strong linearity (R2= 0.996), and low measurement uncertainty (±2.8 dB). When compared with widely used commercial probes, such as the NARDA NBM-50, the developed design exhibits comparable performance in terms of sensitivity and stability, making it suitable for EMC and dosimetry applications.