This review explores gut-brain signaling pathways in postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction, highlighting translational challenges.
• Provides taxon-specific mapping of gut microbiota to PND mechanisms. • Distinguishes postoperative delirium from POCD pathophysiologically. • Integrates neural, endocrine, and immune crosstalk in the gut-brain axis. • Critically appraises translational evidence and clinical barriers. • Proposes a unified three-phase model of perioperative gut-brain signaling.
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Cao et al. (2026) studied this question.
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