This article defines lower characteristic for bounded operators and explores its implications in Markov chains.
In this article, we introduce the notion of lower characteristic of a bounded operator by means of the weak non-compactness measure. We prove that if the lower characteristic of T is strictly positive then T is an upper generalized semi-Fredholm. Finally, an application to Markov chains is given.
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Baraket et al. (2025) studied this question.
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