Formulation and Evaluation of Anti- Rheumatoid Arthritis Polyherbal Gel

Herbal medicine, one of the oldest healthcare systems, continues to play a significant role in modern therapeutics due to its accessibility, affordability, and holistic approach. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal topical gel incorporating diclofenac sodium along with extracts of Ailanthus excelsa, Zingiber officinale (ginger), and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, joint pain, and progressive joint destruction, often associated with elevated inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. The selected herbal ingredients possess well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, which may enhance therapeutic efficacy through synergistic action. Diclofenac sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was incorporated to provide immediate analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, while herbal extracts aim to support long-term management and reduce adverse effects. The polyherbal gel was formulated using Carbopol-934 as a gelling agent, along with suitable excipients such as propylene glycol, glycerine, and triethanolamine. Plant extracts were prepared using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol. The formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spredability, homogeneity, and stability. The prepared gel exhibited desirable characteristics such as smooth texture, good homogeneity, acceptable pH (within skin-compatible range), viscosity of 2900 cps, and Spreadability value of 27.77 g·cm/sec, indicating suitable topical application properties. No signs of irritation, syneresis, or instability were observed during the study period.