Recent Advance Medications for Type Ii Diabeteis Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review

Diabetes mellitus commonly referred as diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease that causes high blood sugar (glucose) levels.[1] Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin. The cells which produce insulin are beta cells. These cells are distributed in a cluster of cells in the pancreas called the Islets of Langerhans.[2] It is silent killer disease and affects millions of people in the world. in diabetes mellitus there are different types those are type I type II and gestational diabetes and other types of diabetes mellitus.[3] Type 2 diabetes appears much later in age than Type 1 diabetes and is the most common type of diabetes. It is also called as non-insulin-dependent, since it is not treated exclusively by the use of insulin, but mainly with pills. Gestational diabetes is a condition that arises during pregnancy and impacts around 3-9% of expectant mothers.[4] For patients with T1DM, who make no insulin, the only pharmacologic option is replacement insulin, Gene therapy and stem therapy.[5]