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A new process is described which permits the sealing of metals to glass and other insulators at temperatures well below the softening point of the glass. Sealing is accomplished in about 1 min by applying a dc voltage in excess of a few hundred volts between the glass and the metal in such a way that the former is at a negative potential with respect to the latter. The process has been applied to a number of glass-metal combinations. A discussion is presented of some of the mechanisms which are believed to play a role in the bonding process.
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Wallis et al. (1969) studied this question.
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