Why the study?
HCST and SLUMS claim to be bias-free cognitive screening tests, and this study sought to assess and compare cognitive status using these tools in older adults with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Does the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or dyslipidemia impair cognitive status in older adults compared to healthy controls?
Does the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or dyslipidemia impair cognitive status in older adults compared to healthy controls?
Older adults with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia exhibit significant cognitive impairment in specific domains compared to healthy controls.
DM, HT, DL associated with cognitive deficits in older adults; hypothesis-generating and requires longitudinal confirmation before clinical application.
Background: Hindi cognitive screening test (HCST) and Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination both claim that they are bias-free cognitive screening tests. HCST is highly sensitive and specific in screening Indian older adults. However, SLUMS is more comprehensive in terms of assessing visuospatial and memory functions. The present study presents and compare cognitive status of older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia (DL) on HCST and SLUMS. Methods: The sample comprised of 150 older adults ≥60 years included in a consecutive series. Participants and their family members, giving written informed consent, residing permanently in central catchment areas Chowk, Lucknow, constituted the study sample. Semistructured sociodemographic details and medical history proforma, Socioeconomic Status (SES) Scale, General Health Questionaire – 12, SLUMS and HCST were administered. Blood pressure was measured by Medical Research Assistant. Biochemical investigations for DM and DL were carried out. Participants were categorized into two groups: (1) case groups (112): DM only + HT only + DL only and (2) control group (38): Without discernable abnormality of physical illness on the basis of invesigations. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard devitation SD, Chi-square, and t -test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference on cognitive status between control and DM group on recall, reading, copying ( P < 0.05 level), and on writing ( P < 0.01) on HCST. A statistically significant difference was also found in writing ( P < 0.01) between control and HT group. A statistically significant difference was found between control and DL on recall ( P < 0.05) and writing ( P < 0.01). According to SLUMS control and DM group differ significantly (0.01) for delayed recall and with HT and DL group on visuospatial function. Conclusion: Cognitive status of older adults with DM, HT, and DL was found to be significantly impaired on specific domains as compared to the control group.
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Tripathi et al. (2021) studied this question.
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