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Theory-based evaluation utilizes terms such as ‘moderators’ and ‘CMO configurations’ to describe how the validity of a programme theory depends on the context in which it operates. From a constructivist perspective, however, contexts are influenced by ongoing social (re)construction. The truth value of a programme theory is contingent upon this construction. This helps explain why tests of programme theories provided by theory-based evaluators are often unconvincing to programme advocates. A typology of ‘magic’, ‘tragic’ and ‘competing’ programmes, each of which influence their contexts in different ways, is described and the implications for evaluation discussed.
Peter Dahler‐Larsen (Sun,) studied this question.