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The political dynamic of village in Indonesian New Order has two faces. On one hand, it is conditioned by the feudalism of village’s leader which is monopolized from one generation to other generations. On the other hand, religion can be an alternative to challenge this feudalism. I explore this condition through an examination of the role of kalebun (the village’s leader) and kiai in a non-pesantren village in Madura, Indonesia. In Madura society, kiai and its pesantren take important role in the process of Islamic institutionalization. Yet, in this case, the absence of pesantren enforces the kiai to be counter-balance of the feudalism of the kalebun. And, the kiai claims that this counter-balance is on behalf of democracy. This article concludes with a discussion of the requirement of democracy in “Islamic” local politics as well as in search of good local governance in post Indonesian New Order. Dinamika politik desa pada masa Orde Baru menghadapi dua realitas antagonis. Di satu sisi, pemerintahan desa dimonopoli oleh generasi tertentu yang melahirkan rezim feodal. Seorang Muslim, di lain sisi, berpotensi menjadi elan vital perlawanan terhadap feodalisme tersebut. Tulisan ini berupaya menggali dua kenyataan tersebut melalui analisis kepemimpinan kalebun (kepala desa) dan kiai di sebuah desa non-pesantren di Madura, Indonesia. Pada jamaknya, dalam masyarakat Madura, kiai dan pesantren memiliki peranan penting dalam proses institusionalisasi Islam. Namun, dalam studi ini, ketiadaan pesantren, membuat kiai (dengan langgarnya) berusaha membendung arus feudalisme kalebun. Sebuah temuan menarik bahwa perlawanan sang kiai tidak atas nama Islam, tetapi demi tegaknya demokratisasi di desa.
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M. Endy Saputro (2011) studied this question.
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