Statistics for Business and Economics.

CHAPTER 1 Describing Data: Graphical 1.1 Decision Making in an Uncertain Environment 1.2 Classification of Variables 1.3 Graphs to Describe Categorical Variables 1.4 Graphs to Describe Time-Series Data 1.5 Graphs to Describe Numerical Variables 1.6 Tables and Graphs to Describe Relationships Between Variables 1.7 Data Presentation Errors CHAPTER 2 Describing Data: Numerical 2.1 Measures of Central Tendency 2.2 Measures of Variability 2.3 Weighted Mean and Measures of Grouped Data 2.4 Measures of Relationships Between Variables CHAPTER 3 Probability 3.1 Random Experiment, Outcomes, Events 3.2 Probability and Its Postulates 3.3 Probability Rules 3.4 Bivariate Probabilities 3.5 Bayes' Theorem CHAPTER 4 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions 4.1 Random Variables 4.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 4.3 Properties of Discrete Random Variables 4.4 Binomial Distribution 4.5 Hypergeometric Distribution 4.6 The Poisson Probability Distribution 4.7 Jointly Distributed Discrete Random Variables CHAPTER 5 Continuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions 5.1 Continuous Random Variables 5.2 Expectations for Continuous Random Variables 5.3 The Normal Distribution 5.4 Normal Distribution Approximation for Binomial Distribution 5.5 The Exponential Distribution 5.6 Jointly Distributed Continuous Random Variables CHAPTER 6 Sampling and Sampling Distributions 6.1 Sampling from a Population 6.2 Sampling Distributions of Sample Means 6.3 Sampling Distributions of Sample Proportions 6.4 Sampling Distributions of Sample Variances CHAPTER 7 Estimation: Single Population 7.1 Properties of Point Estimators 7.2 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known 7.3 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Unknown 7.4 Confidence Interval Estimation of Population Proportion 7.5 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Variance of a Normal Distribution 7.6 Confidence Interval Estimation: Finite Populations CHAPTER 8 Estimation: Additional Topics 8.1 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Difference Between Two Normal Population Means: Dependent Samples 8.2 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Difference Between Two Normal Population Means: Independent Samples 8.3 Confidence Interval Estimation of the Difference Between Two Population Proportions 8.4 Sample Size Determination: Large Populations 8.5 Sample Size Determination: Finite Populations CHAPTER 9 Hypothesis Testing: Single Population 9.1 Concepts of Hypothesis Testing 9.2 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known 9.3 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Unknown 9.4 Tests of the Population Proportion 9.5 Assessing the Power of a Test 9.6 Tests of the Variance of a Normal Distribution CHAPTER 10 Hypothesis Testing: Additional Topics 10.1 Tests of the Difference Between Two Population Means: Dependent Samples 10.2 Tests of the Difference Between Two Normal Population Means: Independent Samples 10.3 Tests of the Difference Between Two Population Proportions 10.4 Tests of the Equality of the Variances Between Two Normally Distributed Populations 10.5 Some Comments on Hypothesis Testing CHAPTER 11 Simple Regression 11.1 Overview of Linear Models 11.2 Linear Regression Model 11.3 Least Squares Coefficient Estimators 11.4 The Explanatory Power of a Linear Regression Equation 11.5 Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals 11.6 Prediction 11.7 Correlation Analysis 11.8 Beta Measure of Financial Risk 11.9 Graphical Analysis CHAPTER 12 Multiple Regression 12.1 The Multiple Regression Model 12.2 Estimation of Coefficients 12.3 Explanatory Power of a Multiple Regression Equation 12.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Individual Regression Coefficients 12.5 Tests on Regression Coefficients 12.6 Prediction 12.7 Transformations for Nonlinear Regression Models 12.8 Dummy Variables for Regression Models 12.9 Multiple Regression Analysis Application Procedure CHAPTER 13 Additional Topics in Regression Analysis 13.1 Model-Building Methodology 13.2 Dummy Variables and Experimental Design 13.3 Lagged Values of the Dependent Variables as Regressors 13.4 Specification Bias 13.5 Multicollinearity 13.6 Heteroscedasticity 13.7 Autocorrelated Errors CHAPTER 14 ANALYSIS OF CATEGORICAL DATA 14.1 Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Specified Probabilities 14.2 Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Population Parameters Unknown 14.3 Contingency Tables 14.4 Sign Test and Confidence Interval 14.5 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test 14.6 Mann--Whitney U Test 14.7 Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test 14.7 Spearman Rank Correlation CHAPTER 15 Analysis of Variance 15.1 Comparison of Several Population Means 15.2 One-Way Analysis of Variance 15.3 The Kruskal--Wallis Test 15.4 Two-Way Analysis of Variance: One Observation per Cell, Randomized Blocks 15.5 Two-Way Analysis of Variance: More Than One Observation per Cell CHAPTER 16 Time-Series Analysis and Forecasting 16.1 Index Numbers 16.2 A Nonparametric Test for Randomness 16.3 Components of a Time Series 16.4 Moving Averages 16.5 Exponential Smoothing 16.6 Autoregressive Models 16.7 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models CHAPTER 17 Sampling: Additional Topics 17.1 Stratified Sampling 17.2 Other Sampling Methods CHAPTER 18 Statistical Decision Theory 18.1 Decision Making Under Uncertainty 18.2 Solutions Not Involving Specification of Probabilities 18.3 Expected Monetary Value TreePlan 18.4 Sample Information: Bayesian Analysis and Value 18.5 Allowing for Risk: Utility Analysis APPENDIX TABLES 1. Cumulative Distribution Function of the Standard Normal Distribution 2. Probability Function of the Binomial Distribution 3. Cumulative Binomial Probabilities 4. Values of e --lambda 5. Individual Poisson Probabilities 6. Cumulative Poisson Probabilities 7. Cutoff Points of the Chi-Square Distribution Function 8. Cutoff Points for the Student's t Distribution 9. Cutoff Points for the F Distribution 10. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of the Wilcoxon Test Statistic 11. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient 12. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of the Durbin--Watson Test Statistic 13 Critical Values of the Studentized Range Q (page 964 965 Applied Statistical Methods Carlson, Thorne Prentice Hall 1997) 14. Cumulative Distribution Function of the Runs Test Statistic ANSWERS TO SELECTED EVEN-NUMBERED EXERCISES INDEX I-1