Forecast reconciliation meets compositional data analysis: a study of Italian cause-specific age-at-death

We introduce a novel approach that integrates compositional data analysis (CoDA) in the forecasting of hierarchical and grouped time series and apply it to improve mortality forecasts. By leveraging the inherent decomposition of mortality data by cause of death and sex, our framework addresses key challenges in mortality forecasting, ensuring internal coherence across different levels of aggregation while maintaining high predictive accuracy. Our empirical results on Italian cause-specific mortality data demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves the reliability of forecasts compared to the traditional CoDA, especially for total mortality forecasts. Consistent improvements in forecasting accuracy are also found for total deaths by cause and by sex.