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Specialization of medical practice in bureaucratic settings has created a situation where the individual is often treated according to universalistic and impersonal criteria. The hospital volunteer enters this health care system with a radically different expertise and organizational relationship compared to the salaried workers. The mandate of "helping" the patient and vague organizational ties create a problematic but necessary role for this lay person in a bureaucratic setting.
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Deegan et al. (1975) studied this question.
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