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Electric vehicles (EVs), with their inherent charging flexibility, hold substantial potential for mitigating three-phase unbalance in distribution networks. However, how to facilitate ac-tive flexibility provision by EVs remains a key challenge. To ad-dress this, this paper proposes a novel incentive mechanism using generalized Nash bargaining (GNB) based cooperative frame-work to enhance coordination of the distribution system operator (DSO) and EV aggregators (EVAs) for phase balancing (PB). Within this framework, the DSO negotiates with EVAs to deter-mine cooperative operation strategies and corresponding eco-nomic incentives for EVAs based on their contributions to PB. To ensure fairness and promote the cooperation willingness of EVAs, the bargaining power is evaluated by considering both individual flexibility contribution and cooperation dependence to coordinate incremental economic utilities of each participant from the coop-eration. Then, the proposed model is decomposed into a social wel-fare maximization subproblem and a payment bargaining sub-problem to ensure tractability. A distributed proximal decompo-sition algorithm (PDA) and an improved alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm are further designed for privacy protection and successful resolution. Finally, numeri-cal results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in mit-igating unbalance and strengthening cooperation.
Huang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.