Role of crop rotation in smart farming for sustainable growth and yields of horticultural crops: A concise overview

Crop rotation has evolved as a dynamic tool for sustainable horticulture by integrating smart farming technologies. This review critically examines the combination of crop rotation with digital innovations such as precision agriculture, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), emphasising their collective potential to transform soil fertility management, enhance water-use efficiency, and improve pest and disease suppression. Recent studies demonstrate the ways in which rotation models, from climate-resilient vegetable sequences to orchard intercropping, enhance crop production and ecosystem. The paper also highlights various crop rotation models, including fruit orchard intercropping, vegetable rotation, and climate-resilient rotations, contributing to sustainable horticultural production. Despite its advantages, several challenges hinder its widespread adoption, including economic constraints, technical limitations, and knowledge gaps. The growers often face difficulties accessing precision tools, adapting to changing climate conditions and managing financial investments required for advanced farming systems. The limited extension services and insufficient awareness further slow the transition toward sustainable crop rotation models. Addressing these challenges requires stronger policy support, financial incentives, and education programs for growers to encourage adoption. In conclusion, horticultural crop production can be enhanced by integrating novel farming techniques with conventional crop rotation practices while maintaining environmental balance and resource efficiency.