Key result
IoT and machine learning deliver >90% accuracy for detecting and monitoring cardiovascular disease.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, prompting a review of how IoT, IoMT, and machine learning are applied to detect, predict, or monitor these conditions.
Systematic Review (n=164)
Machine learning and IoT/IoMT technologies show high accuracy (over 90% for neural networks) in predicting and monitoring cardiovascular diseases, though progress is limited by a lack of public datasets.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support real-time CVD monitoring in practice; extends systematic evidence but dataset gaps leave clinical adoption open.
According to the Pan American Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. This paper presents a systematic review to highlight the use of IoT, IoMT, and machine learning to detect, predict, or monitor cardiovascular disease. We had a final sample of 164 high-impact journal papers, focusing on two categories: cardiovascular disease detection using IoT/IoMT technologies and cardiovascular disease using machine learning techniques. For the first category, we found 82 proposals, while for the second, we found 85 proposals. The research highlights list of IoT/IoMT technologies, machine learning techniques, datasets, and the most discussed cardiovascular diseases. Neural networks have been popularly used, achieving an accuracy of over 90%, followed by random forest, XGBoost, k-NN, and SVM. Based on the results, we conclude that IoT/IoMT technologies can predict cardiovascular diseases in real time, ensemble techniques obtained one of the best performances in the accuracy metric, and hypertension and arrhythmia were the most discussed diseases. Finally, we identified the lack of public data as one of the main obstacles for machine learning approaches for cardiovascular disease prediction.
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Cuevas-Chávez et al. (2023) conducted a systematic review in Cardiovascular diseases (n=164). IoT, IoMT, and machine learning technologies was evaluated. IoT and IoMT technologies combined with machine learning, particularly neural networks, achieved over 90% accuracy in predicting and monitoring cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia and hypertension.
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