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ABSTRACT The presence of pesticide residues in honey represents a significant concern for food safety and public health, underscoring the need for advanced analytical techniques capable of ensuring accurate detection and effective food control. In this study, a stereolithographically 3D‐printed device coated with the solid‐phase extraction (SPE) sorbent Oasis MCX was developed for the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of pesticide residues in honey, followed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UHPLC‐DAD) analysis. Variables that affect the performance of the 3D‐printed extraction (i.e., design and fabrication of 3D‐printed device, SPE resin, elution solution, pH, and ultrasonic conditions) and the chromatographic analysis were systematically evaluated. The optimized methodology allowed the simultaneous determination of five pesticides: azoxystrobin (AZO), carbaryl (CAR), pirimicarb (PIR), thiacloprid (THC), and thiamethoxam (THI). Chromatographic separation was completed in less than 15 min using a KinetexXB‐C18 column (2.6 µm, 100 Å, 100 × 3 mm), with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid (pH 3.35). The proposed methodology showed satisfactory agreement compared with commercial QuEChERS dispersive SPE kits. The developed method demonstrated good linearity up to 100 mg L −1 ( R 2 > 0.99), low detection limits (0.002–0.5 mg kg −1 ), good precision (< 5.1 % RSD), and satisfactory recoveries (90–109 %). Its successful application to real honey samples demonstrates the method's potential for reliable multi‐residue pesticide analysis in complex food matrices. The sample preparation stage was evaluated with the AGREEprep tool, yielding a greenness score of 0.43, which indicates a moderately green performance.
Lupu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.