The pedagogical value of games has received considerable research attention in the gaming literature. However, most of this research focuses on the educational value of games -- that is, their internal validity as teaching devices. This paper examines the concept of external validity as associated with business games. A contrast between internal and external validity is drawn, together with a review of differing definitions of external validity. Research examining external validation is reviewed. Finally, suggestions and recommendations are offered to guide future validation research.
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Dwight R. Norris (1986) studied this question.
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