We ask: Which frequency shall we attribute to the m'th observation of a statistical variate, and especially to the m'th flood‐discharge? Let x m [m = 1, 2,...... (n − 1), n] be n observations arranged according to increasing magnitude. The question is, shall we use (m/n) or [(m − 1 ) / n] as the observed cumulative frequency? Both methods are equally legitimate. The first corresponds to the arrangement of the observations in increasing magnitude, the second to the arrangement in decreasing magnitude.
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E. J. Gumbel (1943) studied this question.
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