Comparison of Renal Function Estimation Formulae for Dosing Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 1. Study flowchart. CG, Cockcroft-Gault formula; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formula.

Figure 2. Agreement between formulae in estimating the glomerular filtration rate. Bland–Altman plots represent the mean difference (solid line) and 95% limits of agreement (dashed lines): (A) CG and CKD-EPI formulae, (B) CG and MDRD formulae, and (C) CKD-EPI and MDRD formulae.

Figure 3. Adjusted marginal means of estimated renal function according to specific age ranges (A), weights (B), and serum creatinine levels (C). Estimated renal function is defined as creatinine clearance (mL/min) in the CG formula and as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) in the CKD-EPI and MDRD formulae. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 4. Clustered stacked bar graph showing the concordance of drug indications according to the (A) CKD-EPI and (B) MDRD formulae.

Figure 5. Forest plot of the adjusted hazard ratio and event rate (%/year) for thromboembolism or major bleeding (A), thromboembolism (B), and major bleeding (C). P < 0.025 (with the Bonferroni correction) was for subgroup analyses by dose.