This article examines the concept of energy security, the state's energy security policy, which refers to the way in which a country ensures the energy security of the state and its citizens, the history and stages of the EU energy policy, the EU instruments on energy security, among which we can highlight the energy efficiency directives - the set of legislative measures adopted by the European Union to promote the efficient use of energy in various sectors of the economy.
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Gilca et al. (2025) studied this question.
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