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STEPHEN M. SHORTELL is the A. C. Buehler Distinguished Professor of Hospital and Health Services Management and Professor of Organization Behavior at the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management and the Center for Health Services and Policy Research at Northwestern University. He also holds appointments in the Department of Sociology and the Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, at Northwestern University.
Stephen M. Shortell (Fri,) studied this question.