Multiple-scattering lidar experiments

Lidar systems are widely used in remote-sensing measurements relating to the study of atmospheric physics and its application to environmental protection. Large optical depth values give rise to multiplescattering effects that should be corrected for many lidar applications- in atmospheric gaseous constituent concentration measurements using the differential absorption method and for optical communications. On the other hand, these effects can be used to extract information about the scatterer. In both cases, the single-scattering events need to be separated from those caused by multiple scattering. A lidar simulation program is explained. Experimental methods are described that separate the multiple-scattering effects and use it for the determination of cloud microphysical parameters.