Mobile-application-based performance feedback improves physical activity behaviour compared to education alone: a randomised controlled trial

Mobile-health-applications demonstrate potential for reducing physical inactivity, yet evidence of their effectiveness in delivering performance feedback, particularly in workplace settings, remains limited. This 12-week randomised controlled trial evaluated the effects of mobile-application-based performance feedback (MABPF) on physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary time (ST) among 150 staff (aged 47.11 ± 6.46 years) of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. Participants were randomly allocated to three groups: MABPF with hourly reminders (n = 52), MABPF only (n = 50), and control group (n = 48). All groups received education on cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity benefits. PA and sedentary time was assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Also, PA was objectively measured using pedometer, and Google Fit. Primary outcomes included step counts, PA levels, and ST. At baseline, 14% of participants demonstrated low PA levels, with no significant between-group differences. Both MABPF intervention groups showed significant improvements in pedometer step counts, Google Fit metrics, walking scores, moderate and vigorous PA, total PA, and ST reduction (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Between-group analyses revealed that MABPF with hourly reminders was significantly more effective than both MABPF-only and control groups for pedometer step counts (F = 7.336, significantly greater ST reduction compared to control (F = 3.405, p = 0.038). MABPF interventions, particularly when combined with hourly reminders, significantly improved PA behaviours and reduced ST among university staff. These findings support the potential of theory-informed mobile health interventions for promoting PA in workplace settings. Pan African Clinical Trial Registry number, PACTR202405808298188 on 24 May, 2024.