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The methods reported for the measurement of distance and medium velocity using ultrasound are based on the principles of pulse radar, pulse Doppler radar, and continuous- wave radar. In this paper, the use of frequency-modulated sonic/ultrasonic radiations for such measurements has been proposed. The required measurement setup has been described, and the mathematical model needed for extraction of distance/medium velocity from the electrical output signal has been developed. The proposed measurement setup has been implemented for distance measurement with commonly used ICs.
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Sahu et al. (2008) studied this question.
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