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The variables of age, father's education, rural upbringing, religion, and region in which one was raised are related to the complexity of the child-rearing environment. Having been reared in a complex, multifaceted environment results in a relatively high level of intellectual functioning, a rejection of external constraints, and a subjectivism stressing concern for the quality of one's inner life. The latter two trends are components of the process of individuation which seems to characterize modern life.
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Carmi Schooler (1972) studied this question.
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