Species seasonal development of the Ulmus L. genus in the right-bank forests-steppe of Ukraine and features of shoot growth during the vegetation period

This study examined the features of the phenological phases in four Ulmus L. genus species by conducting phenological observations at the educational and production department of the Uman National University Bilohrudivskyi Forest, from 2022 to 2024, using accepted methods. The timing of the seasonal development phases in the Ulmus genus species corresponds with the phenological seasons, determined by natural and climatic parameters. A single-peaked curve with a peak from the first decade of May to the second decade of July characterizes indicators of shoot growth dynamics. Shoots of Ulmus L. grew to 77–83% of their total length by the end of July during the growing season before adding another 17–21% in August, indicating that, despite temperature variations, the studied species fully adapts to the research region conditions.