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A spanwise-periodic computation of a turbulent flow past a Gaussian bump is performed in the form of a hybrid direct numerical simulation and wall-resolved large-eddy simulation. A fourth-order spatially accurate flow solver is employed to perform the simulation, using 10.2 billion grid points for a Reynolds number of 170,000 based on the bump height. The key findings from the simulation are reported in the acceleration and deceleration flow regions associated with the bump shape. Significant anisotropy in the normal Reynolds stresses, along both the wall-normal and streamwise directions, is observed within the acceleration region. The ratio between the Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy in that region also experiences significant deviations from the norms of a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. The chosen Reynolds number generates strong flow separation in the adverse pressure gradient region, which is in contrast with a previous simulation at half the Reynolds number that only indicated incipient separation. An internal layer generated in the acceleration region evolves into a free shear layer that develops in the deceleration region and separates. Proper modeling of this inner layer appears crucial to predict the flow separation. Surface curvature effects on the attached flow development are also discussed.
Uzun et al. (Tue,) studied this question.