Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Qualitative interview study reveals shifts in organizational loyalty among middle managers facing corporate restructuring, highlighting profound impacts on modern corporate stability.
Downsizing. Layoffs. Restructuring. These are the new realities of corporate America. Heckscher has interviewed some 250 middle managers from a wide array of firms to explain why it's happening and what it means to millions of employees as well as the companies themselves.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Batt et al. (1996) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: