Refining control balance theory

This article proposes revisions to control balance theory to address a logical flaw, mistaken categorization, and inconsistencies and conceptual ambiguity in the original formulation, and it attempts to accommodate empirical findings that challenge some of its premises. The reformulated theory addresses three forms of behavior—conformity, deviance and submission—and introduces the concept of ‘control balance desirability’ to help resolve some issues in the original formulation.