The theories of surface tension of Debye-Hückel electrolyte can be divided into two main groups; one which is based on the assumption of the existence of the ‘image force’ near the boundary between water and air, and the other based on the calculation of surface free energy caused by the electrostatic force of ions. On the basis of experimental evidence on the surface tension of ternary solution, the theories of former category are shown to be unacceptable. Theories of Oka and also of Ariyama which belong to the latter category are applied to explain the surface tension of ternary solutions. Agreement with experiment is satisfactory.
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Kyozo Ariyama (1937) studied this question.