What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the relationship between glycemic control and multiple organ biomarkers in T2DM patients.

June 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Biochemical Markers of Early Renal Impairment: An Analytical Correlation Between Glycemic Control and Nephropathy

MMMarwa Ahmed MeriUniversity of Alkafeel AAAnsaf Saleh AbarKementerian Pendidikan Malaysia BABaidaa Ghanem Algam

Key Points

This research aims to explore the relationship between glycemic control and multiple organ biomarkers in T2DM patients.
Descriptive cross-sectional study with 120 subjects (60 T2DM patients and 60 controls) from German Hospital in Najaf.
Participants stratified by age and HbA1c levels; measurements included HbA1c, renal function (serum urea, creatinine), SBP, and BMI.
Correlations were calculated between HbA1c and other biomarkers to assess the impact on renal function.
Diabetic group showed significantly higher serum urea (29.22 ± 20.32 mg/dL) and creatinine (1.13 ± 0.77 mg/dL) compared to controls (P <0.001).
Strong positive correlation observed between HbA1c and renal function impairment (r = 0.72).
Patients over 60 years and with diabetes duration exceeding 18 years exhibited the greatest renal impairment.

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes, or T2DM is not just a problem of poor control of blood glucose. It isa complex metabolic disease that impacts many organs and can lead to organ failure. Asthe T2DM rate increases in Iraq, specifically Najaf Governorate, the incidence of DiabeticNephropathy (DN) is also increasing. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurs slowly due tolong-term injury to the small blood vessels and the gradual structural damage. A seriousconsequence of diabetes as it progresses is kidney dysfunction, although this is closelyrelated to liver function, blood pressure stability and measures of body size. The study wasdone to identify the relationship between long-term glycemic control expressed as HbA1cand multi-organ biomarkers including renal (serum urea and creatinine), liver enzymes,lipid profile and cardiovascular (systolic blood pressure SBP and body mass index BMI)parameters. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients at GermanHospital in Najaf which included 120 subjects, 60 T2DM patients and 60 healthy controls.Stratification of participants was done into age-glycemic categories (20 to 40 years withHbA1c ≈ 8.2%, 40 to 60 years with HbA1c > 8.8% AND 60 to 80 years with HbA1c> 10.2%). Measurement of HbA1c by high performance liquid chromatography. Theconcentration of nitrogenous waste products and liver function was carried out using someof the enzymatic methods while the standard procedures were used to measure the SBP andBMI. The diabetic group had severe metabolic disturbances. Serum urea (29.22 ± 20.32mg/dL) and creatinine (1.13 ± 0.77 mg/dL) levels were significantly higher compared tothe control (P worsening of renal function (r = 0.72). Patients who had the disease for > 18 years andthose belonging to 60–80-year age group showed the worst impairment. Additionally, raisedSBP (137.7 ± 19.6 mmHg) and increase of BMI (28.2 ± 6.2 kg/ m2) may further aggravate combined metabolic (lipotoxic) and pressure-related damage to kidney and liver. To sumup, experiencing long-term high blood glucose levels, alongside high blood pressure andoverweight, harms the organs. Thus, a clinical assessment of HbA1c alone is not enough.The Iraqi T2DM patients’ kidney and liver function along with SBP and BMI hemodynamicmeasures, are monitored withusing a wider diagnostic approach to detect early and preventirreversible end-stage complications.

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