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This study aims to determine how the timing of blastocyst formation and vitrification methods affect pregnancy outcomes and foal characteristics.

Embryo developmental kinetics and vitrification in relation to pregnancy outcome, foaling percentage and foal sex

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This study aims to determine how the timing of blastocyst formation and vitrification methods affect pregnancy outcomes and foal characteristics.
Collected 201 blastocysts on days 7-11 after ICSI from Warmblood mares.
Transferred embryos either as fresh or vitrified-warmed on day 4 after ovulation.
Analyses conducted using multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regression models.
Significant relationships found between day of blastocyst formation and pregnancy outcomes at D14 (p = 0.048) and D42 (p = 0.046).
Odds of foaling decreased with developmental age, significantly lower after D11 blastocyst transfer (OR = 0.0045, 95% CI 0.00034–0.061; p < 0.0001).
D10 blastocysts resulted in a 5.6-fold higher odds of producing female offspring compared to D7 (95% CI 1.14–25.0; p = 0.034).

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Retrospective clinical study examining embryo development and vitrification impacts on pregnancy and foal outcomes.

Peere et al. (2026) studied this question.

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