The process of forming the Turkish Republic, which signified a radical transformation of the state and political structure as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, needed categories of a political-legal nature on which it could rely. One such category was the idea of state sovereignty, which had been thoroughly developed in Western political philosophy. However, despite Turkey's modernization following the model of European countries, it still had to be adapted in accordance with the existing political culture, including addressing the relationship with some of the existing political and legal institutions. One such institution was the caliphate, whose fate, after the separation from the sultanate, remained uncertain. The subject of this article is the political-philosophical and philosophical-legal foundations for the decision to abolish the caliphate institution on March 3, 1924. The article employs methods of dialectical analysis (analyzing the contradictions in the development of the Turkish philosophical-political system in the early 20th century), historical retrospectives, and literature analysis. The novelty of the research lies in the new interpretation of the principles of forming national sovereignty in the Turkish Republic, which allows for an explanation of trends in political processes in the country in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The main findings of the study are: - there were prerequisites both for the integration of the caliphate into the new model of governance and for its elimination as a phenomenon that posed a threat to the strengthening of the republic's national sovereignty; - contrary to popular belief, the political dimension of Islam was initially embedded in the philosophy of Kemalism, despite the declaration of the principle of secularism and the dominance of the positivist approach within Turkish republican philosophy; - M. Kemal Atatrk is the founder of the use of political Islam as one of the tools in the structure of Turkey's government.
Дмитрий Васильевич Шкрум (Fri,) studied this question.