GC-MS Based Phytochemical Profiling of Tinospora cordifolia Ethanolic Extract: Identification of Bioactive Compounds

Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) is a renowned medicinal plant in traditional Indian medicine, recognized for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic properties. These therapeutic effects are attributed to its diverse secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, and steroids. This study aimed to perform GC-MS based phytochemical profiling of the ethanolic leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia to identify and characterize its bioactive volatile constituents. Fresh leaves of T. cordifolia were collected from Latur, Maharashtra, shade-dried, and powdered. The powdered material (50 g) was subjected to maceration with 90% ethanol for 72 hours. The concentrated extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and compounds were identified by comparing retention times and mass spectral fragmentation patterns with library data. The GC-MS analysis revealed major bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. The findings provide scientific validation for the traditional Ayurvedic uses of Tinospora cordifolia in treating fever, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and immune deficiencies. Further in vitro studies are recommended to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the individual bioactive constituents.