Computational analysis of the hemodynamic characteristics under interaction influence of β-blocker and LVAD

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Schematic of multi-scale model. a Multi-scale lumped parameters model; b schematic of the interconnect model of the cardiovascular system

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  Fig. 2. The curve of intracellular calcium transient, left ventricular pressure and aorta pressure. a The curve of intracellular calcium transient; b the left ventricular pressure and aorta pressure

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  Fig. 3. The change of hemodynamics parameters along with BAI. a The change of myocardial force with BAI; b The change of right ventricular pressure with BAI; c The change of left ventricular pressure with BAI; d The change of arterial pressure with BAI

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  Fig. 4. The curve of pressure–volume loop. a Left ventricular PV loop with support level (BAI); b right ventricular PV loop with support level (BAI)

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  Fig. 5. The mean flow of aortic valve, pulsatile ratio and external work. a The mean flow of aortic valve with support level (BAI) of LVAD; b PR of pulmonary artery pressure and arterial pressure with support level (BAI); c: EW of left ventricular and right ventricular with support level (BAI)

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  Fig. 6. The effect of support model of LVAD on cardiovascular hemodynamic. a, b The curve of myocardical force and left ventricular pressure with support model of LVAD and LVAD coupling β-blocker at the same perfusion pressure; c and d left ventricular and right ventricular PV loop with support model and LVAD coupling β-blocker at the same perfusion pressure; e PR of pulmonary artery pressure and arterial pressure with constant speed, co-pulse and counter-pulse of LVAD at the same perfusion pressure; f EW of left ventricular and right ventricular with constant speed, co-pulse and counter-pulse of LVAD at the same perfusion pressure

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  Fig. 7. The mean pulsatile ratio and external work. a PR of pulmonary artery pressure with constant speed, co-pulse and counter-pulse of LVAD and LVAD with β-blocker; b PR of arterial pressure with constant speed, co-pulse and counter-pulse of LVAD and LVAD with β-blocker; c EW of left ventricular with constant speed, co-pulse and counter-pulse of LVAD and LVAD with β-blocker