Clusters of Perfectionists: Two Studies of Emotional Adjustment and Academic Achievement

These two studies extended research on the recently developed Almost Perfect Scale—Revised (APS—R; R. B. Slaney, M. Mobley, J. Trippi, J. S. Ashby, & D. Johnson, 1996). Cluster analyses were used to identify adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Differences between the clusters emerged on measures of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and positive and negative affects.