FACTS Approach to Address Cybersecurity Issues in Electric Vehicle Battery Systems

Regulations and standards define requirements for the development of every component in an Electric Vehicle (EV). Standards are meant to ensure healthy competition among the stakeholders and enhance consumer safety. Frameworks for the development and testing of the overall EVs have been developed, but they do not address the requirements of each component individually from cybersecurity perspective. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected devices, cybersecurity issues and attacks are coming into notice. This evolution requires a defined framework which addresses cybersecurity issues in EVs. Till date, only a generic EV standard (SAE J3061) has been developed. Battery Management Systems (BMS) which control the key component of an EV, the battery stacks, currently do not have a standard that could address their cybersecurity issues. The Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Test of Standards (FACTS), is presented in this paper after identifying the key player in EV cybersecurity by comparing existing frameworks. The development approach and steps applicable to EV BMS's for obtaining technical requirements and comparing testing standards are also presented. Finally, a fault tree analysis is also developed to validate the approach based on the technical requirements considered for the framework development.