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Taking the European Minimum Wage Directive as an example of solidarity in the EU, we develop a theoretical framework showing different forms of solidary action and discussing them on the transnational level. We reconstruct three types of solidarity-based form of actions that were present in the discussion of the Directive and ask which this forms have been enacted by whom and which role played bridging and bonding elements. We conclude that these elements are important to form interest groups that pushed for the development (or not) of the regulation, which in turn serves as a solidarity measure in the EU.
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Bitran et al. (2023) studied this question.
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