Why the study?
Male and female patients with CVD exhibit distinct epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics, implying an important role for sex determination factors in heart development, aging, disease, and therapeutic responses.
Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Design
Review
Understanding the sex determination-heart axis and sex-biased cardiac repair mechanisms may offer new therapeutic possibilities for enhanced cardiac regeneration and repair post-injury.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, male and female patients with CVD exhibit distinct epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics, implying a potentially important role for primary and secondary sex determination factors in heart development, aging, disease and therapeutic responses. Here, we provide a concise review of the field and discuss current gaps in knowledge as a step towards elucidating the "sex determination-heart axis". We specifically focus on cardiovascular manifestations of abnormal sex determination in humans, such as in Turner and Klinefelter syndromes, as well as on the differences in cardiac regenerative potential between species with plastic and non-plastic sexual phenotypes. Sex-biased cardiac repair mechanisms are also discussed with a focus on the role of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol. Understanding the "sex determination-heart axis" may offer new therapeutic possibilities for enhanced cardiac regeneration and/or repair post-injury.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Siokatas et al. (2022) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: