The thermodynamics and cosmology of torus-compactified heterotic strings are studied We emphasise qualitatively new effects due to compactification New topologically stable states appear which correspond to strings winding around the non-simply-connected compact manifold Under reasonable assumptions they avoid the blowing up of the compactification scale when the universe becomes matter dominated For a higher-dimensional point field theory with scale-invariant ground state this blowing up would be unavoidable 1.
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Kripfganz et al. (1988) studied this question.