Complementary and Substitutive Effects of Telecommunication on the Frequency of Visiting the City Center

Due to the development of information and communication technology, various changes are expected in the non-technical aspects such as society, culture, economy, employment and labor.The use of telecommunication with smartphone and mobile internet has popularized rapidly, and activities in the business and non-business sectors in the city have been replaced online activities such as telecommuting and online-shopping.This study henceforth examines the complementary and substitution effects that development of telecommunication technology affects the frequency of visiting city centers, and figures how the both effects above are co-working.This study classified the influence of telecommunication technology on the frequency toward city centers into two categories.The substitution effect