Left ventricular myocardial work and its determinants in healthy subjects and the possible potential correlation with the ventricular myocardial band

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Unfolded VMB. A.VMB of the pig heart that cardiac surgery expert in our hospital delaminated and striped according to Torrents-Guasp. B. VMB with different color to mark segment corresponding to A. Blue: right segment; red: left segment; yellow: descending segment; green: ascending segment. C. The correlated echocardiographic short-axis slices seen from the apex to the top according to Omar's study [7]. (a. pulmonary artery root; b. Posterior interventricular groove; c. The boundary point between the basal segment and the apex segment, which is also the position where the basal segment folds back to form the descending segment; d. Demarcation between descending segment and ascending segment; e. aortic root. VMB, ventricular myocardial band.). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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  Fig. 2. A. show the bull's-eye graph of normal MW; B. Standard 3 apical views(a-c) for analysis the MW and the form of bull's eye map(d). a: apical four-chamber (A4C),b: apical two-chamber (A2C), c: apical long-axis (ALX) views. MW, myocardial work. C shows the strain curves from all three apical views: a) apical four-chamber (A4C), b) apical two-chamber (A2C), and c) apical long-axis (ALX). Symbols respectively represent base, mid, and apical segments.(“ ” and “ ” stand for base segment; “ ” and “ ”stand for mid sgement; “ ”and “ ” stand for apex segment.)

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  Fig. 3. A Systolic dynamics of the cardiac apex. The upper panel illustrates the elliptical shape of the heart during normal ejection and suction. The lower panel shows a dilated heart with a spherical structure and absent apex. The shaded regions indicate the extent of shortening and elongation observed via magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to the normal elliptical shape, both shortening (descending segment) and elongation (ascending segment) are reduced.B The shape of the ventricle and the trajectories of the fibers in the apical ring and the basal ring are shown by the solid-line arrows. (Left) The basal ring becomes wider, but no change occurs, while (right) the apical ring becomes flatter, being closer to the basal ring compared to the normal oblique fiber arrangement.