Why the study?
Differentiating athlete's heart in the gray zone from early-stage cardiomyopathies is challenging, and recent advances in echocardiography and CMR make the selection of imaging method and timing complicated.
Design
Review
Key result
Advanced cardiovascular imaging techniques, including strain echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, provide essential diagnostic parameters to differentiate physiological athlete's heart from underlying cardiomyopathies in the gray zone.
Authors
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May aid gray-zone differentiation in athletes; leaves open prospective validation of imaging algorithms before screening adoption.
This review provides comprehensive imaging algorithms using contemporary echocardiography and CMR to differentiate athlete's heart from cardiomyopathies in the gray zone.
Pagourelias et al. (2025) conducted a review in Athlete's heart and cardiomyopathies (HCM, DCM, ARVC). Cardiovascular imaging (Echocardiography and CMR) was evaluated. Advanced cardiovascular imaging techniques, including strain echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, provide essential diagnostic parameters to differentiate physiological athlete's heart from underlying cardiomyopathies in the gray zone.