The association between pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence and exposure to fine particulate matter and residential greenness: A population-based retrospective study

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Background and objective: ) and residential greenness using a population-based retrospective study design. Methods: exposure was extracted from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the level of greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values around the patient's residence. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the risk of PTB recurrence. Results: concentrations in both low and high NDVI groups (HR:6.62 and 4.35, p-interaction <0.001). Conclusions: exposure might increase the risk of PTB recurrence, while residential greenness might have a protective effect. Like other chronic respiratory diseases, prevention and control of PTB will also benefit from comprehensive environmental management.