Malicious false data injection in hierarchical electric power grid state estimation systems

The problem of malicious false data injection in power grid state estimators has recently gained considerable attention. Most of this attention, however, has been focused on the assumption of a centralised state estimator. In a next-generation smart grid environment incorporating distributed generation and highly variable demand induced by electric mobility, distributed state estimation is highly desirable to enhance overall grid robustness. We therefore consider the case of a bi-level hierarchical state estimator, which provides only partial observability to lower-tier state estimators.